Scientific refereeing plays a strategic role in research and educational activities. On the basis of diversity of such activities, scientific refereeing becomes horizontally diverse. In vertical diversity, refereeing is classified into first and second rates. Paying due attention to vertical diversity plays a very important part in the ethical concerns of referees. On the one hand, scientific refereeing is related to production of knowledge and promotion of universities (national and organizational interests) in the country, and on the other it is related to the rights of the faculty members. Scientific refereeing requires two kinds of scales: correct refereeing (correspondant to reality); and ethical refereeing (free from encroachment upon the rights of the individuals and national and organizational interests). In the first place, in the present paper scientific refereeing and its different kinds have been defined and then the principles of correct refereeing and ethical refereeing are discussed. In the both cases, the study follows an analytical-logical method.
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