Using the Concept of ‘Normative Reason” for the Cognition of Justified Forms of Impacts of Values on Scientific Activity
Meisam
Mohammadamini
Assistant Professor, Institute for Science and Technology Studies, Shahid Beheshti University
author
text
article
2020
per
Attempts have been made in this paper to demonstrate that the analysis of the concept of “value” through using the broader concept of “reason” gives a clearer and more comprehensive picture of the relationship between science and value. More specifically, the main objective of this paper is to find out which form of the impact of values on scientific endeavor is justified and which form is unjustified. There are two known answers to this question: One is based on the doctrine of “value-free science” and the other holds fast to the distinction between direct and indirect roles of values. In the first place, these two answers and their critiques are described briefly. In the next step, the concept of “reason” and some of its formal and structural features are described, and, by explaining the relationship between “reason” and “value”, a conceptual framework is proposed for the study of the mentioned problem. It will be demonstrated that the analysis of the concept of “value” based on “reason” provides a possibility for a new answer to the question regarding the justified and unjustified interventions of values in scientific endeavor and the superiorities of this answer to the previous answers.
فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی راهبرد فرهنگ
دبیرخانه شورایعالی انقلاب فرهنگی
2008-3696
13
v.
51
no.
2020
7
30
http://www.jsfc.ir/article_97244_9e726ded3b8b2d29edca5721bc4c8543.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/jsfc.2020.97244
The Ethical Dilemmas and Responsible Innovation
Keyvan
Alasti
Assistant Professor, State Center for Science Policy Research
author
text
article
2020
per
Ruth Barchan Marcus introduces the second order regulative principle in ethical charters, which shows that the consistency of principles of an ethical charter is not inconsistent with acceptance of ethical dilemmas. According to this principle, individuals, who follow a charter, have a second order commitment to create conditions in which all the commitments are implementable without ethical dilemmas. Jureon van Denhauven applies the same principle in engineering ethics. His solution for elimination of ethical dilemmas is a technical one and by using technological innovations. This paper, by describing and comparing Marcus and van Denhauven’s perspectives, argues that van Denhauven’s examples are not instances of true dilemma meant by Marcus and his suggested solution does not help the ethical agent to get rid of the true ethical dilemmas.
فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی راهبرد فرهنگ
دبیرخانه شورایعالی انقلاب فرهنگی
2008-3696
13
v.
51
no.
2020
31
53
http://www.jsfc.ir/article_122209_ce54e7393b3e64c9bc5d7093a0b18d30.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/jsfc.2020.122209
Historiography of Critical Rationality: A Case Study of Scientific and Cultural Institutions of Timurids Era
Fatemeh Sadat
Firuzi
PhD student (Islamic history), Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
author
AbdoRasol
Emadi
PhD (Islamic history), Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
author
Alireza
Mansuri
Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy of Science and Technology, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
author
text
article
2020
per
In the critical rationality approach, scientific institutions are perceived as social technologies. Critical rationality provides us with considerable capacities for the study and analysis of institutions, their social dimensions and the logic of their development. Historiography of critical rationality requires investigation of historical problems through understanding of “problem situation”. The purpose of this paper is to study the status of scientific and cultural institutions in Timurids era in the light of critical rationality teachings regarding technology and the condition of scientific and cultural institutions of the Timurids era will be studied in the light of historiographical considerations of this approach. Historical reports underline the fact that the Timurids supported scientific and cultural institutions in the mentioned era. The doctrines of critical rationality lead to the following hypothesis: Promotion of science and culture in this era is understandable in the light of the political and religious conditions, particularly the sectarian alignments and it is not merely the result of personal interests of the rulers in science and culture.
فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی راهبرد فرهنگ
دبیرخانه شورایعالی انقلاب فرهنگی
2008-3696
13
v.
51
no.
2020
55
79
http://www.jsfc.ir/article_100944_7c7cd6630d8601dac5eb8cf7914e8056.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/jsfc.2020.100944
An Analysis of the State, Conditions, and Consequences of the Disputed Capital in Iran’s Education System
Fardin
Mohammadi
Phd (Socioligy), Ferdowsi University, Mashhad
author
Mohsen
Noghani Dokht Bahmani
Associate Professor, Department of Socioligy, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad
author
Mehdi
Kermani
Assistant professor, Department of Socioligy, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad
author
Kamal
Khaleghpanah
Assistant professor, Department of Socioligy, Kurdistan University
author
text
article
2020
per
The main concern of this paper is to provide answer to the following questions: What capital constitutes the goal for which the teachers compete with each other in the field of education? How do they experience the conditions and consequences of this competition? To this end, the conceptual framework of the research was formulated based on Bourdieu’s theory. The participants were the teachers of the seven offices of the Provincial Department of Education in Mashhad, from amongst whom 31 were selected and interviewed through targeted sampling, theoretical sampling and the criterion of theoretical saturation. The findings of the research indicate that the teachers in the past were competing for the embodied cultural capital in the field of education, but, in recent years (late 2000), the competition for access to embodied cultural capital has declined and has gradually given its place to economic competition and rivalry for access to institutional cultural capital under the influence of the following factors: formalization of on-the-job programs, deterrence nature of the rules of the field of education, status problems, centrality of educational certificates, centrality of on-the-job programs, individual factors, economic problems and money-mongering. This indicates the “change of the disputed capital from embodied cultural capital to institutional/economic capital in the field of education”. The formation of this phenomenon, on the one hand, leads to the decline of their leisure activities, weakness of their physical-mental health and plummeting of institutional habitus, and, on the other, has led to the economic empowerment and fragile scientific empowerment of the teachers.
فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی راهبرد فرهنگ
دبیرخانه شورایعالی انقلاب فرهنگی
2008-3696
13
v.
51
no.
2020
81
114
http://www.jsfc.ir/article_122207_95e1dad7f079039b2c933fba58722857.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/jsfc.2020.122207
Reconstruction of Ayatollah Mahdavi Kani’s Thought Regarding the Production of Islamic Social Sciences and Humanities: From Theory to Adaptation
Mohammad Saeed
Mahdavi Kani
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Islamic Studies and Culture and Communication, Imam Sadiq University
author
text
article
2020
per
The late Ayatollah Mahdavi Kani was one of the pioneers in the field of planning and application of the idea of development of Islamic social sciences and humanities after the victory of Islamic Revolution in Iran. He considers religious science as an epistemic system based on Islamic worldview and conventional legal principles with philosophical and theological roots. He also maintains that the extraction and inference of this epistemic system is possible through an inferential approach in dealing with religious texts. In his opinion, in this encounter (with religious texts), one should not neglect the intersection of the findings of modern and secular science with the religious texts and the questions raised about this interaction. To him theorization in production of religious science was an incomplete project and hence he went beyond theorization and with the establishment of a scientific institution engaged in adaptation and implementation of that theory within the framework of a well-organized educational-research plan. The peculiar identity of this institution in the march towards production of Islamic social sciences and humanities is the result of his special approach to objectives, structure, curriculum planning, and status of teachers and students. The most important features of this approach are as follows: Synthetic planning through a multidisciplinary approach; practical ties between the seminary and the university; priority of teaching and self-purification over production of science; creation of scientific trends; selection and goal-oriented upbringing of human forces (including teacher and student); etc. Descriptive-analytical method was employed in this research and the necessary data was collected from library sources to find out the principles and components of Ayatollah Mahdavi Kani’s viewpoints and experiences.
فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی راهبرد فرهنگ
دبیرخانه شورایعالی انقلاب فرهنگی
2008-3696
13
v.
51
no.
2020
115
142
http://www.jsfc.ir/article_122204_dfaa6cac6de768decbf68ef5faa2b8fa.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/jsfc.2020.122204
Methodological Differences between Political Jurisprudence and Governmental Jurisprudence
Reza
Khorasani
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Shahid Beheshti University
author
text
article
2020
per
The relationship between individual inference (ijtihad) and politics has left fundamental impacts on the sociopolitical developments in contemporary Iran, to the extent that jurisprudential systems and jurisprudents have played an important role in the creation, establishment, or critique of the ruling political systems in Iran. On the one hand, the diversity of jurisprudential theories and viewpoints in the field of politics underlines the differences in their method and attitudes towards the individual, society, and government from religious perspective, and, on the other hand, change and innovation in jurisprudential system is always associated with change in the field of methodology. The hypothesis of this paper is as follows: The relationship between individual inference and politics in contemporary era is a function of the methodological developments in the jurisprudence discipline and consequently that of political jurisprudence that has caused transition from the traditional political jurisprudence to governmental approach to jurisprudence. Hence, the differences are as follows: Difference between individualistic and social inferential approaches; centrality of individual versus that of society; individual inferences based on primacy of laxity and primacy of duress; the way of dealing with the text; avoiding interpretationism versus expansion of the meaning of the text; application of reservation ; centrality of the right and commandment; sources of individual inference; heeding the executive dimensions of commandments; heeding the philosophy of commandments; efficiency of jurisprudence and the produced decrees in fulfilling the needs of the political system; expansion and application of jurisprudential rules; the level of reference to practical principles; differences in governmental understanding of the texts and traditions; expansion of the scope of religion to social spheres and management of the society; centrality of the individual in relationship between the individual and government; heeding the requirements of time and space; and, the degree of responsibility of individual and government in implementation of the Sharia.
فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی راهبرد فرهنگ
دبیرخانه شورایعالی انقلاب فرهنگی
2008-3696
13
v.
51
no.
2020
143
173
http://www.jsfc.ir/article_103863_057af747b8ff758170a0e4995671ab07.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/jsfc.2020.103863
A Study of the Way of Adapting Consumer Behavior Theories to Futures Studies Presuppositions
Farshid
Azizkhani
PhD (Futurology), University of Tehran
author
Majid
Mokhtrianpour
Assistant Professor, Department of Management, University of Tehran
author
Mohammad Rahim
Eivazi
Professor, Department of Political Science, Shahed University
author
Mohammad Reza
Ismaili Givi
Assistant Professor, Department of Management, University of Tehran
author
text
article
2020
per
Conceptualization and thinking about the future of sustainable consumption of limited resources requires reliance on theories that can explain different aspects of the subject. Through a comparative study of the theories that explain the consumer behavior based on the presuppositions of futures studies, the present research is an attempt to answer the following question: Which consumer behavior theory, due to more compatibility with futures studies presuppositions, has more compatibility with the futuristic issues and has an inherent potential for futures studies? The findings of the research show that a synthetic set of consumer behavior theory, due to focusing on outside or structural factors, holism, creation of varied pictures and alternatives, heeding the collective wisdom in decision-making and paying attention to non-individual interests and time, have the highest degree of compatibility with the presuppositions of futures studies. Among this group of theories, the theory of practice or workmanship enjoys a high degree of ability for analysis and futurology of the consumption behavior of food or other sources such as garment, travel, sports, recreation, as well as different cultural products that are used and consumed in everyday life. In other words, the findings of the research are not limited to the food consumption and are capable of being applied in the futures study of the consumer behavior in different fields.
فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی راهبرد فرهنگ
دبیرخانه شورایعالی انقلاب فرهنگی
2008-3696
13
v.
51
no.
2020
175
196
http://www.jsfc.ir/article_122213_f8c38f6f44ec8f002c40792b1fcdd64e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/jsfc.2020.122213